What is SPAG?
What Does SPaG Stand For?
SPaG stands for Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar. It’s a term used widely in UK primary schools to describe the core English language skills children are taught — and tested on — throughout Key Stage 1 (KS1) and Key Stage 2 (KS2).
SPaG isn’t a separate subject. It sits within the English curriculum and underpins everything your child does in reading, writing and comprehension. Strong SPaG skills mean your child can communicate clearly, score well in exams, and build confidence in written English.
Why Is SPaG Important?
SPaG matters for three reasons:
1. It’s tested in SATs
The SPaG test is a formal part of the KS2 SATs, taken by all Year 6 pupils in England. It accounts for 70 out of 120 marks in the English assessment — more than the reading paper. That makes it the single biggest scoring component of the English SATs.
At KS1, SPaG is assessed through two shorter papers (spelling and grammar/punctuation), though KS1 SATs are now optional for most schools.
2. It affects every subject
Clear writing isn’t just for English lessons. Children who spell accurately, punctuate correctly and use proper grammar produce better answers in science, history, geography and RE. Examiners at GCSE level also mark for “quality of written communication” — so the habits built in primary school carry through to secondary.
3. It builds lifelong communication skills
Whether your child is writing an essay, an email, or a job application in the future, strong SPaG skills make their writing clearer, more persuasive and more professional.
What’s in the KS2 SPaG Test?
The Year 6 SPaG test (also called the GPS test — Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling) consists of two papers:
Paper 1: Grammar and Punctuation
- Duration: 45 minutes
- Marks: 50
- Format: Short answer questions — multiple choice, tick boxes, circling, and writing short responses
This paper tests whether children can identify and use grammatical structures correctly. It doesn’t test creative writing — it tests technical knowledge of how English works.
Paper 2: Spelling
- Duration: approximately 15–20 minutes
- Marks: 20
- Format: The teacher reads 20 sentences aloud, each with a missing word. Children write the correct spelling in their answer booklet.
Key SPaG Topics Your Child Needs to Know
The SPaG curriculum builds year on year. Here are the main topics tested at KS2:
Grammar
- Word classes: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, determiners, pronouns
- Sentence types: statements, questions, commands, exclamations
- Verb tenses: simple past, present and future; progressive and perfect forms
- Active and passive voice: “The dog chased the cat” vs “The cat was chased by the dog”
- Modal verbs: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must
- Relative clauses: using who, which, where, when, whose, that
- Fronted adverbials: “Early in the morning, the birds began to sing.”
- Subjunctive mood: “If I were you…” / “The school requires that he attend.”
- Standard English: “We were” not “We was”; “I did” not “I done”
- Formal and informal language
Punctuation
- Full stops, question marks and exclamation marks
- Commas: in lists, after fronted adverbials, to separate clauses
- Apostrophes: for possession (the dog’s bone, the children’s toys) and contraction (don’t, it’s)
- Inverted commas (speech marks): punctuating direct speech correctly
- Colons and semi-colons: to introduce lists and join related clauses
- Brackets, dashes and commas for parenthesis: adding extra information to a sentence
- Hyphens: in compound words and to avoid ambiguity (e.g. “man-eating shark” vs “man eating shark”)
- Bullet points
Spelling
- Prefixes: un-, dis-, mis-, re-, pre-, anti-, auto-, super-
- Suffixes: -tion, -sion, -ment, -ness, -ful, -less, -ly, -ous, -ible, -able
- Homophones: their/there/they’re, to/too/two, where/wear/were, affect/effect
- Silent letters: knight, write, doubt, island
- Word families and root words
- The Year 3/4 and Year 5/6 statutory spelling lists — these are published by the government and contain the words children are expected to spell by the end of each phase
How to Help Your Child Improve SPaG at Home
1. Read together regularly
Reading exposes children to correct grammar, varied punctuation and accurate spelling in context. Discuss the text as you go — ask your child to spot speech marks, find adjectives, or explain why a comma is used.
2. Practise spelling little and often
Short daily sessions (10–15 minutes) work better than long weekly tests. Use the statutory spelling lists as a starting point, and break words into manageable groups of 5–10 per week.
3. Play word games
Games like Scrabble, Boggle and crossword puzzles build vocabulary and spelling skills naturally. Online tools like Spelling Shed and SPaG.com offer interactive practice too.
4. Use “look, cover, write, check”
This classic method works because it forces active recall:
- Look at the word carefully
- Cover it up
- Write it from memory
- Check — did you get it right? If not, try again.
5. Practise with SATs-style questions
Past papers and practice booklets (from CGP, Letts, or free resources on the government website) help your child get used to the question format. The SPaG paper has a specific style — practising it builds confidence.
6. Focus on common mistakes
Keep a list of words your child frequently misspells or grammar rules they get wrong. Revisit these regularly rather than always starting fresh topics.
SPaG at KS1
At Key Stage 1 (Years 1–2), the SPaG curriculum covers the basics:
- Capital letters and full stops
- Question marks and exclamation marks
- Joining words with “and”
- Nouns, verbs and adjectives
- Singular and plural nouns
- Past and present tense
- Common exception words (the, said, come, some, etc.)
The KS1 SPaG test includes a 20-word spelling paper and a grammar/punctuation paper with two sections. While KS1 SATs are now optional for many schools, the skills assessed remain core to the curriculum.
Related Reading
- Phonics: A Complete Guide for Parents
- SATs Explained
- How to Pass the 11 Plus Exam
- When Should My Child Start Tutoring?
How StudyBox Can Help with SPaG
At StudyBox, our English tuition covers SPaG alongside reading and writing at all primary levels. Our tutors at Wallington, Sutton and Croydon:
- Identify your child’s specific SPaG gaps with an initial assessment
- Build spelling, punctuation and grammar skills through structured, age-appropriate sessions
- Prepare children for KS1 and KS2 SATs with practice papers and exam technique
- Make learning engaging — because confident writers are better writers
Book a free trial session to see how we can help your child master SPaG.

